Key signatures can look a little complicated, but they don't need to be. Whenever you see key signatures as in the example above, there are a few things you need to be aware of before they become simple. Firstly, if a sharp or flat is in the key signature that means that until the key signature changes that note will ALWAYS be sharp or flat. So in the first measure of the example above you see 4 flats, so those four notes (A, B, D, and E) will always be flat(Ab, Bb, Db, and Eb) until the key changes as it does in measure 2. In the second measure above the flats and made natural and a sharp is added. This means that F will be F# until it is made natural or until the end of the song.
The only exceptions to this rule are extra accidentals written in. So you can still write an extra sharp or flat into a song even with the key signature, but those won't last the whole song. The rule for anything added that isn't in the key signature is that it only lasts till the end of the measure.
Now for how to find Do with these. If there are no sharps or flats at all, C is Do. If there are sharps, the final sharp (furthest to the right) is Ti. This means that the note above the final sharp is Do. If there are flats, the final flat (furthest to the right) is Fa. In the first measure of the examples above the final flat is Db. If Db is Fa then the note below it (C) is Mi. Keep going down and Bb is Re and finally, Ab is Do. In the second measure there is only one sharp on F#, so the note above it (G) is Do.
See if you can figure out Do in the rest of them! If you need extra help with theory feel free to sign up for singing lessons by clicking this link. Answers to all 5 examples here:
1. Ab 2. G 3. Bb 4. B 5. Db
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