Clefs are the symbols you see at the very beginning of a line of music. They are before the key signature and the time signature, but can be different for each instrument. The clef simply tells you where on the piano the staff sits. If you look at the image below, you'll see where the different clefs sit.
I turned the staves sideways to match it with the piano. The clef on the left is called "Bass Clef" and generally plays lower notes. The clef on the right is called "Treble Clef" and is generally higher notes. You'll see that middle C, typically considered the middle sound between high and low, is between the clefs. This is because the clefs would otherwise be nearly on top of each other and having C in between allows for extra space. Below is C on a normal looking staff. I've made the first staff small so you can see how C is in the middle, then I spread them as they would normally look. That space in the middle often makes them seem farther apart, but its really just one extra line between the two staves. All three notes are the same pitch despite looking far apart in the second line.
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